The Network Layer is located at the 3rd position in the seven-layer OSI model. The Network Layer offers the serviceable and practical ways of transmitting variable length data series from a source to a destination through one or more networks, at the same time preserving the class of service and error handling tasks. The Network Layer is accountable for source to destination packet deliverance together with routing through intermediate networks, whereas the Data Link Layer is in charge for node-to-node frame deliverance on the similar channel.
The Network Layer executes network routing tasks, and might also carry out fragmentation, reassembly, and reporting of deliverance errors. Routers work at the Network Layer, distributing information throughout the entire network.
Functions of the Network Layer
Path Determination/Routing: The Network Layer manages arriving packets from different sources, decide their finishing destination, and then make a decision on where to send the packets to make them reach the final destination.
Logical Addressing: Each and every component participating in a network communication has a logical address, commonly known as the layer-3 address. Addressing is also carried out at the data link layer, but it refers to local physical components. Logical addresses are not dependent on specific hardware and must be distinct across a complete network.
Forwarding: In the process of routing the packets to their final destination, the Network Layer needs to keep forwarding the packets to concerned intermediate nodes.
Datagram Encapsulation: The Network Layer encapsulates the various messages received from upper layer into Packets (also known as Datagram) attached with a header.
Fragmentation and Reassembly: The Network Layer usually breaks up the packets into smaller messages to be transferred to the Data Link Layer and reconnects them to reform the packet.
Error Handling and Diagnostics: The Network Layer also handles various communication errors, routing flaws and status exchanges.
Network Layer Standards
Standards which operate at the Network Layer include: IP and ICMP.
