Every Ethernet card has a MAC address burned-in at the factory. At times, you may want to change this MAC address to one of your own choosing.
The procedures to change a MAC address are specific to each operating system. How to change a MAC address in Microsoft Windows
Under Windows, the MAC address is stored in a registry key. To change a MAC address, find that key with `regedit` and change it. Of course, Microsoft keeps moving the location of the key around!
Windows XP adds an...
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The Microsoft Windows ARP cache will occasionally become corrupt and need to be cleared.
The first symptom you are likely to notice is that connections to web pages will time out and fail.
If you troubleshoot further, you will notice that you can `ping` your IP address and also 127.0.0.1, but not other IP addresses. Clearing the ARP Cache
To fix this error, you will need to clear the ARP cache. This is done with the `netsh` command:
C:\>netsh interface ip delete...
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The Basic Definition
The acronym VLAN expands to Virtual Local Area Network. A VLAN is a logical local area network (or LAN) that extends beyond a single traditional LAN to a group of LAN segments, given specific configurations. Because a VLAN is a logical entity, its creation and configuration is done completely in software.
How Is a VLAN Identified
Since a VLAN is a software concept, identifiers and configurations for a VLAN must be properly prepared for it to function as expected...
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While connecting an external device to the computer one makes use of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports available either in the front or rear side of the motherboard. Once the cable is put in place, it enables easy use of the local area network, or connection between two or more computers. Most of the external peripherals use a USB port for connection with the main computer. Since it is a plug and play system, it can be used for any kind of device as long as the related cable is put in...
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CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection) is the protocol used in Ethernet networks to ensure that only one network node is transmitting on the network wire at any one time.
Carrier Sense means that every Ethernet device listens to the Ethernet wire before it attempts to transmit. If the Ethernet device senses that another device is transmitting, it will wait to transmit.
Multiple Access means that more than one Ethernet device can be sensing (listening and...
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Ethernet is the most common LAN (Local Area Network) technology in use today.
Ethernet was developed by Xerox in the 1970s, and became popular after Digital Equipment Corporation and Intel joined Xerox in developing the Ethernet standard in 1980.
Ethernet was officially accepted as IEEE standard 802.3 in 1985.
The original Xerox Ethernet operated at 3Mbps. Ethernet networks up to 10Gbps now exist.
Ethernet Cabling
The first Ethernet standard, 10Base-5, ran over thick coaxial...
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A switch is something that is used to turn on or off various electronic devices. However, in computer networking, a switch is used to connect multiple computers with each other. Since it is an external device it becomes part of the hardware peripherals used in the operation of a computer system. This connection is done within an existing Local Area network (LAN) only and is identical to an Ethernet hub in terms of appearance except with more intelligence. These switches not only receive data...
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A MAC address is an address which exists on Layer 2 of the OSI Model.
Layer 2 of the OSI model is the Data Link Layer. The Data Link Layer consists of two sublayers, the Media Access Control (MAC) layer and the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer. The MAC sublayer controls how a network node gains access to the data and permission to transmit it.
MAC addresses are globally unique addressed that are written into hardware at the time of manufacture. For this reason, MAC addresses are...
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ARP is the Address Resolution Protocol.
The ARP protocol maps addresses between the Data Link Layer and the Network Layer of the OSI Model.
The Data Link layer of TCP/IP networks utilizes MAC addresses; the Network Layer of TCP/IP networks utilizes IP addresses.
ARP and RARP
The ARP protocol is used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses.
RARP, the Reverse ARP Protocol, is used to map MAC addresses to IP addresses. The ARP Cache
To reduce the number of ARP requests, every system...
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The ARP cache is a table which stores mappings between Data Link Layer addresses and Network Layer addresses.
The Data Link Layer addresses are usually MAC addresses and the Network Layer addresses are most frequently IP addresses.
The ARP cache is stored in RAM by the Operating System.
Displaying the ARP cache
Under most versions of Unix and Microsoft Windows, the command `arp -a` will display the ARP cache. Unix ARP Cache Example
$ arp -a
www.tech-faq.com (192.168.1.2) at...
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